History

Hebrews, emerged from Abraham, went to Egypt, exodus to Israel
Israelites, Kingdom of Israel
Exiled by Babylonians
Brought back by Persians, establishing Kingdom of Judaism
Judea is the beginning of what people speak of
All languages, except English and French, acknowledge that the Jewish people are called something similar to “Judea”
Kingdom of Judea
- Rebelling against empires, recently the Romans
- Romans put an end to rebelling, raised the place to the ground
- Exiles them
They have an expectations of returning
Exile lasts 2000 years
- Developments during the time is two great civilizations from Judaic thinking
  - Law, equality before God, monotheistic
  - Christianity then Islam
Judeans converts; Would be many more if not
Christianity and Islam developed an adverse nature towards Jews
- Jew as the other.
Modern idea introduced new ideas
- No God
- Enlightenment
- Idea of the Nation; secular, introduced by French Revolution

Birth of Zionism

Napoleon
- Individuals you shall have everything, but as a people nothing
- Must be part of France and not a Jewish nation within it
- First moment in history to set aside the tribal national people within it
- Judaism is denigrated to role of religion
Judaism is not only a religion; its a tribe a nation
Many Jews loved this idea, left the ghettos and enclosed surroundings and when out into the world thinking “Ok were all equal”
- Yet, New Ideologies on the rise during Herzl time
  - Hierarchy of races
One of world’s first nations
Living in the time for the right to self-determination, right for people to govern themselves
People are freeing themselves from empires
The Jews wanted that right too

Secular and atheist
Modern secular rebellion
Has worked for 1800-1900 years of praying to get back to Judea
- Must do it themselves
Herzl thinks of Jewish like a secular national republic, not just for Jews
Many live like Jewish atheists: National, tribal, but not religious
Religious Zionism
- One of most powerful in Israel today
- God works in mysterious ways, choose atheists do to his work
- Bringing people back to Holy Land
- Powerful in last 40 years since 67 and 73 war.
- Jewish orthodoxy is a reaction to modernity
- Opposition to Israel is theological
Jews have no Pope or church, so how do they decide how to be Jewish? They argue and debate how to be Jewish in the modern area.
Definition: One state in the world where you can argue what it means to be the Jewish state.
Judaism has a lot of texts and traditions and a whole lot of people that said a lot of things for thousands of years. You can literally pick and choose whatever you want to justify.
Makes Israel a strong democracy