⬅️ Back to 60.10 Argumentation · Sister MOCs: Debate Playbook (MOC) · Argument Anatomy (MOC) · Rhetoric & Persuasion (MOC) · Psychology of Belief (MOC) · Argumentation Library (MOC)
Two different failures, often confused. A fallacy is a broken inference — the argument doesn’t work. Bad faith is an intact inference deployed dishonestly, or a refusal to argue at all. Name the right one or you’ll lose the room.
The master reference
Logical Fallacies holds the full catalogue — formal, informal, and the Wikipedia-sourced list. Everything below is a route into it.
Formal Fallacies
Errors in the form. All of them are species of non sequitur.
- Logical Fallacies > Formal fallacies — the full list
- Logical Fallacies > Propositional fallacies · Logical Fallacies > Quantification fallacies · Logical Fallacies > Formal syllogistic fallacies
- Argument Structure > Rules for Valid Syllogisms — the rules these violate
- Affirming the consequent · denying the antecedent · circular reasoning → Argument Structure > Deductive & Inductive
Informal Fallacies
Errors in content, relevance, or language.
- Logical Fallacies > Informal fallacies — the full list
- Language → Logical Fallacies > Informal (linguistic)
- Relevance → Logical Fallacies > Informal (relevance - omission) · Logical Fallacies > Informal (relevance - intrusion) · Logical Fallacies > Informal (relevance - presumption)
- Bad premises → Logical Fallacies > Improper premise · Logical Fallacies > Faulty generalizations · Logical Fallacies > Questionable cause
- The Practice of Argumentation - Effective Reasoning > Chapter 6: Fallacies (Page 148) — why “fallacy” is a judgment, not a label
The Ones You Hit Most
Each with the counter, not just the name.
- Shifting The Burden (Fallacy) — “prove it doesn’t exist”
- Threshold Fallacy — “one vote / one cigarette doesn’t matter”
- Soritès Paradox — vagueness weaponized into a slippery slope
- Ad hominem → Attacking An Argument > Ad Hominem · Defending Your Case > Ad Hominem
- Genetic fallacy → Attacking An Argument > Genetic Fallacy
- Appeal to ignorance → Defending Your Case > Appeal to Ignorance
- Hasty generalization, composition, division, accident → Attacking An Argument > Hasty Generalization · Attacking An Argument > Composition · Attacking An Argument > Division · Attacking An Argument > Accident
- Red herring → Defending Your Case > Red Herring
- False dilemma → Attacking An Argument > Characterizing the Conclusion (Dilemma) · Defending Your Case > Damning the Dilemma
- Quoting out of context → Defending Your Case > Quoting Out of Context
- Nothing-but objections & calls for perfection → Defending Your Case > Nothing-But Objections · Defending Your Case > Calls for Perfection
- Gish gallop → Win Every Argument - Medhi Hasan > 11 BEWARE OF THE GISH GALLOPER (Page 178) · Debate Tactics > Info dump
- Motte-and-bailey → Debate Tactics
Bad Faith — The Named Moves
Not fallacies. Refusals to argue, dressed up as arguing. Debate Pervertry is the working taxonomy.
| Move | What it looks like |
|---|---|
| The Lazy Gardener | ”Let’s not get into the weeds / this is just semantics” — obfuscating past the decisive detail |
| The Clown Mirror | Never able to summarize your position; you spend the debate correcting characterizations |
| The Deaf Preacher | Sweeping moral statements in place of any factual response |
| Debate Edging | Stacking descriptive claims toward a prescription never actually voiced |
| Occam’s Mallet | ”They benefited, therefore they plotted it” |
| Moral Dodgeball | Inferring a different core value from a disagreement over an applied position |
| The Webster Warrior | Retreating to a dictionary definition when the topic needs context |
| Analogy Allergy | Refusing a hypothetical because it’s “wacky,” not because it’s inapplicable |
| Death by a thousand anecdotes | Anecdote deployed against data |
| Tragedy of the Commons Sense | ”It’s just common sense” as the whole justification |
| The Robinhood Complex | Automatically siding with whoever has less power |
| The Braveheart | ”Personally, I wouldn’t do that” instead of engaging the affected party’s real options |
- Full list with sources and clips → Debate Pervertry
- Related → Debate Tactics > Accusing the other of having no position · Debate Tactics > Chatter by Heidegger
- The counter to most of them → Internal Critique · Socratic Questioning · Attacking An Argument > Questioning
Why It Works — The Bias Substrate
Fallacies land because the audience is already primed.
- Cognitive Bias — the 20-bias reference
- Confirmation, anchoring, availability → Cognitive Bias > 1. **Confirmation Bias** · Cognitive Bias > 2. **Anchoring Bias** · Cognitive Bias > 3. **Availability Heuristic**
- Critical Thinking > 4. Avoiding Barriers (Biases and Fallacies)
- Humans are not Truth-Seeking Machines · Skeptics Rarely Are
- Deeper → Psychology of Belief (MOC)
Sources
- Logical Fallacies · How to Win Every Argument - Madsen Pirie · The Art of Deception
- Logically Fallacious- The Ultimate Collection of Over 300 — Bennett, Bo.pdf (file not included in this release)
- List of fallacies — Wikipedia · An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments
- Debate University Course > Logical Fallacies
Base index
Argumentation.base (file not included in this release)