Back to Ethics · Metaethics · Normative Ethics · Debates and Religion
Meaning, moral truth, reasons, motivation, and justification. Start with the map, then follow one question rather than treating every distinction as the same disagreement.
Which claim? Why only God? What reasons? Why better?
Framing questions from Does Morality Require Religion - Master.
Orientation and objectivity
- Metaethics Mindmap — overview, objections, and notebook links.
- Moral Realism vs. Anti-Realism — the existence and status of moral facts.
- Objective Moral Systems — distinguishes normative systems from accounts of moral truth.
- Moral Pluralism Is Not Moral Relativism — plural values, disagreement, and framework-relative truth.
- Subjectivism and Objectivism — the uses of subjectivity and objectivity.
- Subjective Morality — the subjectivist route and its challenges.
Moral language and its logic
- Moral Cognitivism vs. Non-Cognitivism — beliefs, attitudes, and truth-aptness.
- truth-apt — a short terminology note.
- Emotivism — attitude expression and the early noncognitivist approach.
- Expressivism — entry points into contemporary expressivism.
- hybrid expressivist — combined descriptive and expressive accounts.
- Quasi-realism — realist-seeming discourse from an expressivist base.
- Universal prescriptivism — universalizable prescriptions.
- Frege–Geach problem — the embedding and inference challenge.
Facts, reasons, and motivation
- Moral Naturalism — naturalist accounts of moral facts.
- Ethical non-naturalism — irreducibly normative alternatives.
- Naturalistic fallacy — Moore’s challenge to definitions of goodness.
- stance-independent moral reasons — the kind of reason at issue in robust realism.
- Internalism and externalism — connections between judgments, reasons, and motivation.
- Hume Is-Ought Problem — the gap, its interpretations, and debate applications.
- Is-Ought Problem and Secular Ethics — the gap applied to secular accounts.
Knowledge, psychology, and foundations
- The Foundations of Morality - Intuition, Justification, and Infinite Regress — intuition, starting points, and competing accounts.
- Morality without foundation just preference? — whether disputed foundations reduce morality to preference.
- Moral Psychology Does Not Settle Metaethics — keeps causal explanations separate from truth and justification.
Cross-vault connections
Epistemology (MOC) · Are Ethics Just Emotions? - Simon Blackburn · Lance Bush — main note and journal pages
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Notes in this topic
60.9.3.2 Ethics (file not included in this release)